Statistical Inference (SI), as an essential chapter of Statistical Science, provides advanced methods for problem solving and decision making based on observed data. It is also an advanced part of our DATA ANALYTICS series with textbooks that present the background of concepts, statistical methods, probabilistic models and practical data-driven research problems in management, science, engineering, technology and sustainable development. SI discusses a basic coverage of key principles to state-of-the art concepts and applications. Although statistical techniques and computational methods are emphasized throughout, the book briefly has engineering and management orientations. In this write-up we try to convey honestly methodology and mathematical methods being useful in scientific domains as actuarial and financial sciences, in practical sectors as quality control, urban traffic management, environment an manufacturing. Readers, graduate students, researchers and professionals in diverse scientific exploration and engineering sectors will find that mathematical treatments and logical elucidation of many statistical results in the text are soundly accepted in their research works.