Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in the global and European economy. This book offers readers an enhanced theoretical overview of key features of SMEs to help economists and policymakers address emerging challenges within policy frameworks. The book considers the latest trends and provides holistic perspectives on recent evidence in the performance and economic growth challenges of SMEs. It also highlights the business environment and landscape in Europe today. Chapters explore aspects regarding the policy implications, while reflecting on the underlying issues SMEs have when it comes to their access to finance, technology, innovation, green and digital transition, internationalization, and growth.